Facts About Phylum Chordata - The Vertebrates

The phylum Chordata contains some of the most familiar animals in the world, including humans. What sets them apart is that they all have a ​notochord—or nerve cord—at some stage of development. You might be surprised by some other animals in this phylum, as there are more than the humans, birds, fish, and fuzzy animals that we usually think of when we think of the phylum Chordata. All Chordates Have Notochords Animals in the phylum Chordata may not all have a spine (some do, which would additionally classify them as vertebrate animals), but they do all have a notochord. The notochord is like a primitive backbone, and it is present at at least some stage of development. These may be seen in early development—in some species they develop into other structures even before birth. Phylum Chordata Facts All have a tubular nerve cord (such as the spinal cord) above the notochord, which is gelatin-like and encased in a tough membrane.All have gill slits that lead into the throat or pharynx.All have blood enclosed in blood vessels, although they may not have blood cells.All have a tail that contains no internal organs and extends beyond the backbone and anus. 3 Types of Chordates While some animals in the phylum Chordata are vertebrates (e.g. humans, mammals, and birds), not all animals are. The phylum Chordata contains three subphyla: The vertebrates (subphylum Vertebrata): When you think of animals, you probably think about the vertebrates. These include all mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, and most fish too. In vertebrates, a backbone develops around the notochord; it is made of bone or cartilage separated into segments called vertebrae, and its primary purpose is to protect the spinal cord. There are over 57,000 species of vertebrates.The tunicates (subphylum Tunicata): These include the salps, larvaceans, and  tunicates  such as the sea squirt. They are invertebrates as they dont have a backbone, but they do have a notochord during development. They are marine filter-feeders, with some tunicates living attached to rocks for most of their lives except for a free-swimming larval stage. The salps and larvaceans are tiny, plankton-like, free-swimming animals, although the salps  spend a generation as an aggregate chain. In general, members of the subphylum Tunicata have very primitive nervous systems, a nd many taxonomists think that their ancestors also evolved into vertebrates. There are about 3,000 species of tunicates.The cephalochordates (subphylum Cephalochordata): This subphylum includes the lancelets, which are small aquatic filter-feeders that are fish-like. Members of the subphylum Cephalochordata have large notochords and primitive brains, and their circulatory systems have neither heart nor blood cells. There are only about 30 species in this grouping. Classification of the Chordates Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Classes: Subphylum Vertebrata Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)Amphibia (amphibians)Aves (birds)Cephalaspidomorphi (lampreys)Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays)Holocephali (chimeras)Mammalia (mammals)Myxini (Hagfishes)Reptilia (reptiles)Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish) Subphylum Tunicata (formerly Urochordata) Appendicularia  (pelagic tunicates)Ascidiacea  (sessile tunicates)Thaliacea  (salps). Subphylum Cephalochordata Cephalochordata  (lancelets)

The Misappropriation Of Indigenous American Cultures

The forced assimilation and displacement of Native Americans at the hands of 18th and 19th century European colonists created a legacy of historical trauma and social marginalization concerning Native American peoples that is present still today. While such subjection is not as overt in recent decades as it has been in the past, stereotypes associated with the Native American population hold a strong presence in one of American society’s most influential institutions: popular culture. The misappropriation of indigenous American cultures in the wake of colonialism is grounded in the scientific documentation and recording of indigenous American languages. Written Native languages were established by in efforts to â€Å"save† and â€Å"preserve†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Methodology To explore the symbolic nature of language in current American show business, I will analyze the representation of fictional Native American characters as pertaining to the phonological and morphological features of their spoken discourse. To do so, I will focus primarily on the portrayal of Native American characters in the popular animated Disney film Lilo and Stitch, concentrating particularly on the use of â€Å"Hollywood Injun English† (HIE) as described by Anthropologist Barbra Meek to provide an etic perspective of Native peoples. Because my analysis is limited to a single film, the specific discursive elements I observed are not generalizable to all representations of Native American identity in film. However, they do reveal explicit themes present in American culture respecting the relationship between Native American groups and the Anglo-American population beyond the realm of Lilo and Stitch. To better explore these themes, I have transcribed interviews from Native Americans regarding their views of the stereotypes surrounding their cultures. Alongside the examination of HIE in Disney movies, these interviews will allow me to further investigate the implications of nonstandard HIE in film and assist my synthesis of the modern perception of indigenous American culture. Each transcription can be found in

Grove City v. Bell Free Essays

Western Pennsylvania. Grove City College accepted students that received federal grants, but only grants that were used for educational purposes only. The college also repeatedly refused to use state and federal financial assistance meaning Grove City did not want the governments help, plain and simple. We will write a custom essay sample on Grove City v. Bell or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even though they did not want the governments elp, it led the college to stop participating in direct institutional aid programs and federal student assistance programs. The college was required to Judge the students eligibility and to help fgure out the amount of loans the student should be given. (McCarthy) However, Grove Clty enrolled students who were given Basic Educational Opportunity under the Department of Education’s Alternate Disbursement System. The Department of Education’s Alternate Disbursement System decided that, â€Å"Grove City was a â€Å"recipient† of â€Å"Federal financial assistance† as those terms are defined in the regulations implementing Title (Leone) Grove City was then rdered to get rid of the Assurance of Compliance agreeing that, â€Å"to the extent applicable to it, with Title IX †¦ nd all applicable requirements imposed by or pursuant to the Department’s regulation .. . to the end that . no person in the United States shall, on the basis ot sex, be †¦ subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity for which [it] receives or benefits from Federal finan cial assistance from the Department. † (McCarthy) Grove City denied the request to get rid of the Assurance of Compliance and the Department declared proceedings to show hat the students are ineligible to receive Basic Educational Opportunity Grants. The judge then said that the federal financial assistance received compelled Grove City to enter an order of assistance until they â€Å"correct its noncompliance with Title IX and satisfies the Department that it is in compliance with the applicable regulations. † (Grove City College v. Bell) In a 6 to 3 decision Grove City College lost it’s appeal. â€Å"According to the Court’s decision, only the financial aid/admissions office was subject to federal regulation, not the entire College. † (Leone) However, four years later Congress passed the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988 that expanded the Court’s decision and made the College subject to federal regulation. â€Å"In response, the U. S. Congress passed the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988, also known as the Grove City Bill, over a veto by President Ronald Reagan. That law overturned Grove City College v. Bell and made it unequivocally clear that if any part of a school accepts federal aid, every part of the school is subject to Title IX regulations. † (Leone) Grove City College also withdrew from the Pell Grant for federal internships after the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 988 was passed. Grove City might have battled back and stood tall after the supreme court case, but it took a toll on the college. â€Å"The college must work to replace, each year, what most institutions receive annually from the federal government in student aid, research grants, or federal contracts. † (Grove City v. Bell) The case of Grove City College v. Bell helped establish the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988. Grove City was ruled against but still kept fghting even after the fact. One good thing that came out of this court case was the fact that only parts of the ollege were affected not the entire college as a whole. How to cite Grove City v. Bell, Papers

Age of the Joker (2012) by Edguy free essay sample

As seen with their newest album, Space Police, these are crazy people when it comes to power metal. Toby and the gang have made somwthing a bit more special with this release here. This is really where they pull out all the stops to be funny. For these guys, forget the term power metal, instead use the term Comedy Metal because thats what this band really is. Age of the Joker is an album that has many a good tracks in it to keep you on your toes. My personal favorite is the track 2 Out of 7 which is more like a love song gone wrong. The final stretch of the song also has the greatest line ever in power metal history. You know a songs good if it could catch you off guard in a good way like that. Believe me it did, I wasnt hardly listening to it until that line came up and slapped me in the face. We will write a custom essay sample on Age of the Joker (2012) by Edguy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This has also made an appearence on The Metal Voices top 10 albums of 2012 making Number 4 I believe. I love this album with a passion and would love to own it on a vinyl and/or CD. I recommend you check this out if you love power metal, you can say you like Iron Maiden and would may still enjoy it. A sfor the rating I give it a 10/10.